In English, all sentences are in
either “active” or “passive” voice:
active: Werner
Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in 1927.
passive: The
uncertainty principle was formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927.
In an active sentence, the
person or thing responsible for the action in the sentence comes first. In a
passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first, and the actor is
added at the end, introduced with the preposition “by.” The passive form of the
verb is signaled by a form of “to be”: in the sentence above, “was formulated”
is in passive voice while “formulated” is in active.
In a passive sentence, we often
omit the actor completely:
The uncertainty principle was formulated
in 1927.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di
bawah ini.
Catatan:
·
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa be (is, are, am, was, were) maupun
kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary(is/are being, was/were
being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dengan modal (will
be, will have been).
·
Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan
pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat
dilihat di bentuk pasif pada tenses ,
infinitive dan gerund
·
Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct
object).
Contoh:
·
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on
time. (active voice, intransitive)
·
Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past
tense dan past participle secara regular maupun
irreguler
·
Contoh: play (base form) —> played
(past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Example for passive voice
1.
Present Tense
S+V1+O menjadi S+Tobe(is,am,are)+V3+by
Object
Ex…
A : she writes a letter
P : A letter is written by her
Jika active voice dalam simple
present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets
them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Active : She waters this plant
every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every
two days.
2. Present
Continuous Tense
S+Tobe(is,am,are)+Ving+O menjadi S+Tobe(is,am,are)+being+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : she is writing a letter for her parents now
P : A letter is being written by her for her parents
now
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met
by him now.
Active : She is watering
this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being
watered by her now.
3. Present
Perfect Tense
S+has/have+V3+O menjadi S+has/have+been+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : He has finished his homework
P : His homework has been finished by him
Contoh :
Active : He has
met them
Passive : They have been met
by him
Active : She has
watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been
watered by her for 5 minutes.
4. Past Tense
S+V2+O menjadi S+Tobe(was/were)+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : He repaired my watch yesterday
P : My watch was repaired by him yesterday
Contoh :
Active : He met
them yesterday
Passive : They were met by
him yesterday
Active : She
watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was
watered by her this morning
5. Past
Continuous Tense
S+Tobe(was/were)+Ving+O menjadi S+Tobe(was/were)+being+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : He was drinking some water
P : Some water was being drunk by him
6. Past Perfect
Tense
S+had+V3+O menjadi S+had+been+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : She had written a letter
P : A letter had been written by her
7. Modals
S+Modals+V1+O menjadi S+Modals+be+V3+by
O
Ex…
A : He can paint the house
P : The house can be painted by him
When do I use passive voice?
In some sentences, passive voice can
be perfectly acceptable. You might use it in the following cases:
1. The actor is
unknown:
The cave
paintings of Lascaux were made in the Upper Old Stone Age. [We don't know who
made them.]
2. The actor is
irrelevant:
An
experimental solar power plant will be built in the Australian desert. [We are
not interested in who is building it.]
3. You want to
be vague about who is responsible:
Mistakes
were made. [Common in bureaucratic writing!]
4. You are
talking about a general truth:
Rules are
made to be broken. [By whomever, whenever.]
5. You want to
emphasize the person or thing acted on. For example, it may be your main topic:
Insulin was first
discovered in 1921 by researchers at the University of Toronto. It is still the
only treatment available for diabetes.
- You are
writing in a scientific genre that traditionally relies on passive voice.
Passive voice is often preferred in lab reports and scientific research
papers, most notably in the Materials and Methods section:
The sodium
hydroxide was dissolved in water. This solution was then titrated with
hydrochloric acid.
In these
sentences you can count on your reader to know that you are the one who did the
dissolving and the titrating. The passive voice places the emphasis on your
experiment rather than on you.
Note: Over
the past several years, there has been a movement within many science
disciplines away from passive voice. Scientists often now prefer active voice
in most parts of their published reports, even occasionally using the subject
"we" in the Materials and Methods section. Check with your instructor
or TA whether you can use the first person "I" or "we" in
your lab reports to help avoid the passive.
When should I avoid passive voice?
Passive sentences can get you into trouble in academic writing because
they can be vague about who is responsible for the action:
Both Othello and Iago desire Desdemona. She is courted. [Who
courts Desdemona? Othello? Iago? Both of them?]
Academic writing often focuses on differences between the ideas of
different researchers, or between your own ideas and those of the researchers
you are discussing. Too many passive sentences can create confusion:
Research has been
done to discredit this theory. [Who did the research? You? Your professor?
Another author?]
Some students use passive
sentences to hide holes in their research:
The telephone was
invented in the nineteenth century. [I couldn't find out who invented the
telephone!]
Finally, passive sentences often
sound wordy and indirect. They can make the reader work unnecessarily hard. And
since they are usually longer than active sentences, passive sentences take up
precious room in your paper:
Since the car was being
driven by Michael at the time of the accident, the damages should be paid for
by him.
A story of romantic
love
Sweet Valentine: Baker Emily Jones decorates chocolate
hearts at the Lake Champlain Chocolates factory in Burlington, Vermont, on Feb.
11.AP/Toby TalbotFor many, February is the month of romance.
Valentine’s
Day on Feb. 14th gives people a momentum to celebrate love and express it to
their object of affection.
The classic
formula to mark the occasion usually includes a romantic dinner for two, red
roses, chocolate, candy and a greeting card. For those with more money to
spend, a holiday getaway and jewelry might come into the picture.
Those
skeptical of the day’s hype might refuse to partake in the consumerist frenzy,
saying that love should be celebrated on any day of the year. Romantics, who
love the special occasion, meticulously plan their activities on Valentine’s
Day. And there are those who don’t mind
being given a reason to be romantic.
Penjelasan :
1.
And there are those who don’t mind being given a
reason to be romantic
Kalimat Passive Voice di atas masuk
kedalam bagian Present Continous.
Daftar Pustaka :
1. (Hartanto, John
.S ,dkk. 2003.Accurate, Brief and Clear
English Grammar . Surabaya: IndahSurabaya)
2. (Hariyono, Rudy dan Andrew Mc. Carthy. 2008. ABC Plus English Grammar. Surabaya:
GitaMedia Press)
